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| NRDC works on a broad range of issues as we pursue our mission to safeguard the Earth; its people, its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends.
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| Etnoyer, P., and L. Morgan (2003), MCBI and NOAA
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| John Guinotte, Larissa Sano, et al. (2008), Current: The Journal of Marine Education
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| Guinotte J.M. and V.J. Fabry (2008), In The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology 2008. R.S. Ostfeld & W.H. Schlesinger, Eds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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| Feely, R.A., V.J. Fabry, and J.M. Guinotte (2008), PICES Press
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Increased carbon dioxide is changing the chemistry of the earth's oceans, threatening marine life
Over the last decade, scientists have discovered that this excess CO2 is actually changing the chemistry of the sea and proving harmful for many forms of marine life. This process is known as ocean acidification.
A more acidic ocean could wipe out species, disrupt the food web and impact fishing, tourism and any other human endeavor that relies on the sea.
The change... [More]
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| Ocean Alliance, Inc., a 501(c)3 organization, was founded in 1971 by biologist Roger Payne. Led by Dr. Payne and Chief Executive Officer Iain Kerr, Ocean Alliance collects a broad spectrum of data on whales and ocean life relating particularly to toxicology, behavior, bioacoustics, and genetics. From that data we work with our scientific partners to advise educators and policy makers on wise stewardship of the oceans to: reduce pollution, prevent the collapse of marine mammal populations, mainta... [More]
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| Ocean Conservancy promotes healthy and diverse ocean ecosystems and opposes practices that threaten ocean life and human life. Through research, education, and science-based advocacy, Ocean Conservancy informs, inspires, and empowers people to speak and act on behalf of the oceans. In all its work, Ocean Conservancy strives to be the world's foremost advocate for the oceans.
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| The Conserve Our Ocean Legacy campaign is a non-profit, non-partisan campaign. We are a broad national effort to build support for ocean and fish protection. The nation's fisheries have been declining precipitously for decades; America's oceans are in trouble and need our help. Pollution, habitat destruction, mismanagement and overfishing have impoverished our ocean resources, and have caused more than 90% of the world's large fish, including tuna, swordfish and marlin to disappear from our ocea... [More]
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| OCEANA CAMPAIGNS TO PROTECT AND RESTORE THE WORLD'S OCEANS. Our teams of marine scientists, economists, lawyers and advocates win specific and concrete policy changes to reduce pollution and to prevent the irreversible collapse of fish populations, marine mammals and other sea life. Global in scope, Oceana has campaigners based in North America (Washington, DC; Juneau, AK; Los Angeles, CA), Europe (Madrid, Spain; Brussels, Belgium) and South America (Santiago, Chile). More than 300,000 members a... [More]
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| Oceana calls on the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) contracting parties, non contracting parties, and collaborating parties to urgently adopt effective management measures to restore and maintain the populations of tuna, swordfish and sharks at levels that will ensure a sustainable exploitation of these fisheries resources.
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| European fisheries have traditionally exploited many small bottom-living coastal sharks and rays, and have recently increased their exploitation of pelagic and deep-water sharks. For stock assessments that rely on catch data, it is essential to quantify the total removals of he stocks of concern. Oceana would like to take this opportunity to provide an update on catch information we have gathered from different catch databases.
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| Oceana denounces that the management of tuna and sharks fisheries is insufficient. Today, the majority of commercially important tuna stocks are overfished, some to the point of commercial collapse, and several shark species caught in fisheries are classified as Endangered or Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This week in San Sebastian, Spain, the worlds’ five big Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) responsible for regul... [More]
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| The United Nations Convention for the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) Annex 1 lists 72 species of highly migratory sharks for which nations must cooperate to ensure conservation. The 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement redefined the basic principles for managing fisheries of highly migratory species, including sharks, and clarified that the precautionary approach and ecosystem based management has to be applied. In 2007, 141,000 tons of highly migratory sharks where caught and reported to the Foo... [More]
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On the surface, the ocean may look calm and serene. But, beneath the surface is a different story. All around the world, our oceans are in crisis. Whale slaughter continues to put endangered species at risk and pollution from land-based sources is turning the oceans into a dumping ground. Throughout the seven seas, there are many industries committing crimes against nature, but no one is holding them accountable.
Even the deep and remote areas that once served as refuges from fishing... [More]
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| The Natural Resources Defense Council works to protect wildlife and wild places and to ensure a healthy environment for all life on earth.
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Life in the oceans goes on mostly unseen. But just because we can't see what goes on "down there" doesn't mean it's not critically important to our daily lives. Conservation International has initially identified several marine regions where a few strategic actions can literally make a world of difference.
These critical "Seascapes" extend beyond country boundaries, creating opportunities for governments, multinational corporations, and others to work together to c... [More]
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| Every year, the world's industrial fishing fleets accidentally catch an astounding quantity of marine life, injuring or killing thousands of marine mammals, sea turtles, sea birds and unwanted fish, etc.
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| Humankind has been using the oceans for aeons, but not until recently have our activities become a real threat. Pollution, over-fishing, mining, the destruction of the oceans' richest areas, coastal crowding and the altering of the oceans' temperature and chemical composition are leaving a mark that is difficult to erase.
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| While oiled wildlife graphically reflects the catastrophic threats of offshore oil and gas drilling operations, other consequences abound as well. All endanger marine wildlife, fishers, Native people, and others who live, work, or play on our oceans.
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by Dr. Carl Safina. December 2007
"An albatross is the grandest living flying machine on Earth. An albatross is bone, feathers, muscle, and the wind. An albatross is its own taut longbow, the breeze its bowstring, propelling its projectile body. An albatross is an art deco bird, striking of pattern, clean of line, epic in travels, heroically faithful. A parent albatross may fly more than 10,000 miles (16,000 kilometers) to deliver one meal to its chick. Wielding the longest wing... [More]
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A vital tool for conservation
WWF's Global Marine Programme is working towards a network of effectively managed, ecologically representative Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) covering at least 10% of the world's seas.
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| Overfishing occurs when fish are caught faster than they can reproduce. Many marine scientists now believe that overfishing is the biggest human impact on the world's oceans.
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Australian Museum report for the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
This volume is the marine counterpart of Yen and Butcher's (1997) overview of the conservation of non-marine invertebrates. These animals represent the great bulk of marine biodiversity and the consequences of not properly managing and conserving them will be profound. Conservation as a whole suffers from an imbalance in favour of vertebrates, but marine conservation, in ... [More]
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| Pacific Marine Mammal Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of marine mammals stranded along the Orange County coastline and to increase public awareness of the marine environment through education and research.
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